INTRODUCTION
Aquaculture plays a vital role in food supply and economic development. However, its rapid growth faces numerous challenges, including disease outbreaks, environmental pollution, and increasing antibiotic resistance among aquatic species. In this context, organic acids and plant-derived essential oils have emerged as natural, eco-friendly solutions that help improve animal health and enhance production efficiency.
Using Organic Acids and Essential Oils as Alternatives to Antibiotics in Aquaculture
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ORGANIC ACIDS IN AQUACULTURE
Organic acids are naturally occurring compounds with mild acidity, commonly used to improve gut health, enhance nutrient absorption, and control pathogenic bacteria in aquatic animals.
1.1. Mechanism of Action of Organic Acids
- Stabilize intestinal pH, creating an unfavorable environment for harmful bacteria.
- Enhance digestive function and nutrient absorption.
- Support the immune system, helping aquatic animals fight off pathogens.
1.2. Common Organic Acids and Their Application
- Formic acid, butyric acid & propionic acid: 1–3 g/kg of feed or 1–2 liters per 1.000 m³ of water.
- Acetic acid & citric acid: 0,5–2 g/kg of feed or 0,5–1,5 liters per 1.000 m³ of water.
- Lactic acid: 0,5–2 g/kg of feed or 0,5–1 liter per 1.000 m³ of water.
1.3. Timing of Organic Acid Application
- Can be added daily or used continuously for 5–7 days when signs of poor digestion appear.
- Applied after water exchange or when pond conditions show signs of instability.
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PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS IN AQUACULTURE
Essential oils are mixtures of natural compounds with high biological activity, extracted from plants. They possess antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and health-enhancing properties that contribute to the well-being of aquatic organisms.
Plant Essential Oils – A Natural Alternative to Antibiotics
2.1. Mechanism of Action of Essential Oils
- Natural antioxidant and antibacterial properties.
- Aid in digestion and reduce stress in livestock.
- Stimulate growth and improve production performance.
2.2. Common Types of Essential Oils and Their Usage
- Garlic essential oil: 1–2 ml/kg of feed or 0,5–1 liter per 1.000m³ of water.
- Oregano essential oil: 1–2 ml/kg of feed, 0,5–1 liter per 1.000m³ of water; helps with antibacterial and antifungal effects, enhances immunity, and supports digestion.
- Lemongrass essential oil: 1–3 ml/kg of feed or 0,5–1 liter per 1.000m³ of water.
- Cinnamon essential oil: 1–2 ml/kg of feed; used when signs of intestinal disease appear.
2.3. Timing of Essential Oil Usage
- Should be used 1–2 hours after applying organic acids to avoid reducing the effectiveness of both.
- Essential oils can be used 3–5 days per week to maintain health and immunity.
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COMBINED APPLICATION OF ORGANIC ACIDS AND ESSENTIAL OILS
After using organic acids, the digestive system of aquatic animals is improved, creating favorable conditions for essential oils to exert their antibacterial effects, boost immunity, and stimulate growth. Combining these two groups of compounds enhances the effectiveness of aquaculture practices:
- Reduces disease incidence and limits the growth of harmful bacteria.
- Improves growth rate and feed conversion efficiency.
- Decreases reliance on antibiotics, contributing to environmental protection.
Notes on Combination Use:
- Do not mix organic acids and essential oils in water at the same time, as the acids may deactivate certain essential oils.
- Monitor aquatic animals for signs of stress or reduced feed intake; adjust dosage accordingly.
- Always conduct small-scale trials before wide-scale application to determine the optimal ratio.
CONCLUSION
Organic acids and plant essential oils are natural, safe, and effective solutions for improving health and productivity in aquaculture. Their application not only enhances product quality but also contributes to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly aquaculture industry.
We hope that through the shared information, farmers can choose high-quality and safe products. For more information about organic acid and essential oil products, please contact Trường Hải Tiến. Wishing you a successful and productive farming season!
